H.M. Orlinsky maintains that if it were not for the vicarious element in Christian theology (derived from Hellenism according to him), no one would have ever thought of seeing anything substitutionary in this passage [Isaiah 52:13-53:3]. But I suspect the opposite is true: if it were not for the vicarious element in the sufferings of Jesus Christ, which has so many analogues in Isa. 53, there would be no barrier to recognizing the obvious substitutionary elements in that chapter.
-- John N. Oswalt, The Book of Isaiah Chapters 40-66, page 377, note 71